Struct Receiver

pub struct Receiver<T> { /* private fields */ }

Available on crate feature sync only.

Receives a value from the associated Sender.

A pair of both a Sender and a Receiver are created by the channel function.

This channel has no recv method because the receiver itself implements the Future trait. To receive a Result<T, error::RecvError>, .await the Receiver object directly.

The poll method on the Future trait is allowed to spuriously return Poll::Pending even if the message has been sent. If such a spurious failure happens, then the caller will be woken when the spurious failure has been resolved so that the caller can attempt to receive the message again. Note that receiving such a wakeup does not guarantee that the next call will succeed — it could fail with another spurious failure. (A spurious failure does not mean that the message is lost. It is just delayed.)

Examples

use tokio::sync::oneshot;

#[tokio::main]
async fn main() {
    let (tx, rx) = oneshot::channel();

    tokio::spawn(async move {
        if let Err(_) = tx.send(3) {
            println!("the receiver dropped");
        }
    });

    match rx.await {
        Ok(v) => println!("got = {:?}", v),
        Err(_) => println!("the sender dropped"),
    }
}

If the sender is dropped without sending, the receiver will fail with error::RecvError:

use tokio::sync::oneshot;

#[tokio::main]
async fn main() {
    let (tx, rx) = oneshot::channel::<u32>();

    tokio::spawn(async move {
        drop(tx);
    });

    match rx.await {
        Ok(_) => panic!("This doesn't happen"),
        Err(_) => println!("the sender dropped"),
    }
}

To use a Receiver in a tokio::select! loop, add &mut in front of the channel.

use tokio::sync::oneshot;
use tokio::time::{interval, sleep, Duration};

#[tokio::main]
async fn main() {
    let (send, mut recv) = oneshot::channel();
    let mut interval = interval(Duration::from_millis(100));

    tokio::spawn(async move {
        sleep(Duration::from_secs(1)).await;
        send.send("shut down").unwrap();
    });

    loop {
        tokio::select! {
            _ = interval.tick() => println!("Another 100ms"),
            msg = &mut recv => {
                println!("Got message: {}", msg.unwrap());
                break;
            }
        }
    }
}

Implementations

impl<T> Receiver<T>

pub fn close(&mut self)

Prevents the associated Sender handle from sending a value.

Any send operation which happens after calling close is guaranteed to fail. After calling close, try_recv should be called to receive a value if one was sent before the call to close completed.

This function is useful to perform a graceful shutdown and ensure that a value will not be sent into the channel and never received.

close is no-op if a message is already received or the channel is already closed.

Examples

Prevent a value from being sent

use tokio::sync::oneshot;
use tokio::sync::oneshot::error::TryRecvError;

#[tokio::main]
async fn main() {
    let (tx, mut rx) = oneshot::channel();

    assert!(!tx.is_closed());

    rx.close();

    assert!(tx.is_closed());
    assert!(tx.send("never received").is_err());

    match rx.try_recv() {
        Err(TryRecvError::Closed) => {}
        _ => unreachable!(),
    }
}

Receive a value sent before calling close

use tokio::sync::oneshot;

#[tokio::main]
async fn main() {
    let (tx, mut rx) = oneshot::channel();

    assert!(tx.send("will receive").is_ok());

    rx.close();

    let msg = rx.try_recv().unwrap();
    assert_eq!(msg, "will receive");
}

pub fn try_recv(&mut self) -> Result<T, TryRecvError>

Attempts to receive a value.

If a pending value exists in the channel, it is returned. If no value has been sent, the current task will not be registered for future notification.

This function is useful to call from outside the context of an asynchronous task.

Note that unlike the poll method, the try_recv method cannot fail spuriously. Any send or close event that happens before this call to try_recv will be correctly returned to the caller.

Return

• Ok(T) if a value is pending in the channel.
• Err(TryRecvError::Empty) if no value has been sent yet.
• Err(TryRecvError::Closed) if the sender has dropped without sending a value, or if the message has already been received.

Examples

try_recv before a value is sent, then after.

use tokio::sync::oneshot;
use tokio::sync::oneshot::error::TryRecvError;

#[tokio::main]
async fn main() {
    let (tx, mut rx) = oneshot::channel();

    match rx.try_recv() {
        // The channel is currently empty
        Err(TryRecvError::Empty) => {}
        _ => unreachable!(),
    }

    // Send a value
    tx.send("hello").unwrap();

    match rx.try_recv() {
        Ok(value) => assert_eq!(value, "hello"),
        _ => unreachable!(),
    }
}

try_recv when the sender dropped before sending a value

use tokio::sync::oneshot;
use tokio::sync::oneshot::error::TryRecvError;

#[tokio::main]
async fn main() {
    let (tx, mut rx) = oneshot::channel::<()>();

    drop(tx);

    match rx.try_recv() {
        // The channel will never receive a value.
        Err(TryRecvError::Closed) => {}
        _ => unreachable!(),
    }
}

pub fn blocking_recv(self) -> Result<T, RecvError>

Blocking receive to call outside of asynchronous contexts.

Panics

This function panics if called within an asynchronous execution context.

Examples

use std::thread;
use tokio::sync::oneshot;

#[tokio::main]
async fn main() {
    let (tx, rx) = oneshot::channel::<u8>();

    let sync_code = thread::spawn(move || {
        assert_eq!(Ok(10), rx.blocking_recv());
    });

    let _ = tx.send(10);
    sync_code.join().unwrap();
}

Trait Implementations

impl<T: Debug> Debug for Receiver<T>

fn fmt(&self, f: &mut Formatter<'_>) -> Result

Formats the value using the given formatter.

impl<T> Drop for Receiver<T>

fn drop(&mut self)

Executes the destructor for this type.

impl<T> Future for Receiver<T>

type Output = Result<T, RecvError>

The type of value produced on completion.

fn poll(self: Pin<&mut Self>, cx: &mut Context<'_>) -> Poll<Self::Output>

Attempts to resolve the future to a final value, registering the current task for wakeup if the value is not yet available.

Layout

Note: Most layout information is completely unstable and may even differ between compilations. The only exception is types with certain repr(...) attributes. Please see the Rust Reference's “Type Layout” chapter for details on type layout guarantees.

Size: 8 bytes